Ventilator.



No. 7l5,968. Patented Dec. I6, [902.

' G. G. BRITTUN.

VENTILATUR.

(Application filed July 10, 190% mmg' INVENTOI? W/ TNESSES.

M V W =1 i A TTOHNE VS.

UNITED STATES AT-EMT OFFICE.

GEORGE G. BRITTON, OF ANNISTON, ALABAMA.

VENTILATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 715,968, dated December16, 1902.

Application filed July 10,1902. Serial No, 115,028. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE G. BRITTON, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Anniston, in the county of Calhoun and State ofAlabama, have invented a new and Improved Ventilating-Cowl, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in ventilating-cowls for use onbuildings and other places; and among other objects that I have in viewis the provision of a device in which the entrance of wind,from whateverdirection it may blow, is effectually excluded, so that the outside airwill not have any effeet on the draft through the tubularventilator-stem; to so arrange the several parts comprising theventilator that the wind cannot blow across the open end of the tubularstem, and it is directed or deflected in such a way as to create a draftor suction through the tubular stem, thus assisting in the operation ofdrawing air out of the stem and increasing the efficiency of thestructure as a whole; to provide means which unites the several parts ina substantial manner and secures strength and stability in thestructure; to provide for the use of glass or other transparent materialwhen the ventilator is to be used on places where it is desirable toadmit light,

and to simplify and cheapen the construction of the ventilator orventilating cowl as a whole.

With these ends in View the invention con sists in the novelconstruction and arrangement of parts, which will be hereinafter fullydescribed, and the actual scope of the invention will be defined by theclaims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of aventilatingcowl constructed inaccordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevationof the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, on an enlargedscale,through a part of the ventilating-cowl. Fig. at is a detail viewof the stay employed by me to join the several parts together in asubstantial manner; and Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional elevation throughanother embodiment of the ventilating-cowl, illustrating a constructionadapted for the use of glass in order to admit light to an air-shaft orother place on which the ventilator may be used. v

5 designates the tubular stem of the improved ventilating-cowl, and 6 isa cap arranged to overhang the upper end portion of said tubular stem.In the embodiment of the invention shown by Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive,this cap 6 is of conical shape, the base of the cap exceeding indiameter the tubular stem 5. The cap is sustained in spaced relation tothe stem by means of a series of stays, thus forming a space 7 betweenthe top edge of the tubular stem and the under surface of the cap.

8 designates a shell or casing which is preferably of cylindrical formand which exceeds the diameter of the stem and the cap, said shell orcasing arranged to surround the tubular stem for a part of its lengthand to also surround the lower end of the conical cap. This cylindricalshell is disposed in concentric relation to the tubular stem and theconical cap to leave an air-circulation space 9 between said stem, thecap, and the shell, as shown more clearly by Figs. 2 and 3.

1O designates an inclined flange which is secured or attached in anysuitable way to the lower edge portion of the cylindrical shell 8, andthis flange is disposed in a position to extend downwardly and inwardlyfrom the surrounding shell toward the tubular stem 5. The lower edge ofthe inclined flange, however, doesnot engage with the stem; but, on thecontrary, said edge of the flange terminates at a distance from thesurface of the stem, so as to leave an annular space 11 for the passageof air.

Another inclined flange 12 is supported by the surrounding casing 8; butthis flange 12 is arranged atthe upper edge of said casing and in areversely-inclined position to flange 10, thus making .the flange 12take an upwardly andinwardly inclined position on the casing 8. Saidflange 12 is fastened or secured in any suitable way to the upper edgeportion of the cylindrical casing, and it slopes or inclines inwardlyfrom the casing, the pitch or inclination of said flange 12corresponding to the sloping surface of the conical cap 6. The upwardlyand inwardly inclined flange 12 is thus disposed in parallel relation tothe cap 6, to form therewith a passage 13, which is open to thesurrounding atmosphere and is in communication with the passage 9 withinthe cylindrical casing S. The pitch or inclination of the two inclinedflanges 10 12 is the same, so that they may be used interchangeably atthe upper or lower portions of the cylindrical casing, and these flangesare of equal width and secured in corresponding positions to thesurrounding casing 8, thus making the inner edges of the two inclinedflanges lie in the same perpendicular plane, as will be readilyunderstood by reference to Figs. 2 and 3.

A deflector is supported directly on the tubular member 5, at the upperportion thereof, and it consists of the reversely-inclined members 1415. The members of said deflector are made by stamping or cutting themof sheet metal, and they are arranged around the tubular stem at theupper portion thereof and externally thereto. The inner edges of themembers forming the deflector are united in any suitable way to thestem, and the outer edges of the two members are joined together by anysuitable means, said outer edge of the deflector lying in a verticalplane which intersects the inner edges of the inclined flanges 1O 12.The lower member of the annular deflector is disposed in opposingrelation to the flange 10, while the upper member let lies incorresponding relation to the under surface of the cap 6, at the edgeportion of the latter. The pitch or inclination of the members 14 15corresponds to that of the flanges 1O 12, and the members of saiddeflector are adapted to change the path of air-currents entering fromabove or below, the air being deflected toward the casing S and awayfrom the open upper extremity of the tubular stem, whereby the airpassing through the casing is prevented from flowing in a path acrossthe upper end of said stem 5.

I prefer to employ a series of the stays shown by Fig. 4 to unite thecap and the casing to the tubular stem, and these stays are constructedin a way to brace and strengthen the several parts of the ventilator.Each stay is made or bent from a single length of metal, which may beeither of flat iron or a strap having any desired cross-section. Eachstay is designated in its entirety by the referenceletter A, and it hasa straight stem a, an inclined arm I), an oppositely-inclined branch 0,a horizontal arm d, a vertical length 6, a downwardly and inwardlyinclined brace f, and a leg 9, all of which are bent or formed from ametallic bar or strip. The arm I) at the upper extremity of the stem aisinclined outwardly to the stem, while the branch 0 lies at an acuteangle to the arm I), the inclination of said branch 0 corresponding tothe slope of the cap 6. The arm d extends from the inclined branch 0 ina direction at right angles to the stem a, while the length 6 isparallel to the stay A. The inclined part fjoins the vertical length 6and the leg 9, re-

spectively, and said leg is disposed in parallel relation to the lowerpart of the stem a.

The series of stays are arranged with relation to the other parts of theventilator in the manner shown by Figs. 2 and 3that is to say, the stemand leg of each stay are applied to the inner and outer faces of thetubular stem 5. The arm b inclines outwardly from the tubular stem 5 inorder to bring the branch 0 into position to engage with the under faceof the conical cap, while the arm at extends beyond the edge of the capand the vertical length 6 engages with the inner face of the surroundingcasing 8, and, finally, the bracefextends downwardly from the casing andinwardly toward the tubular member, said brace lying below and parallelto the inclined section 15 of the surrounding deflector. The stem andleg of each stay are joined solidly to the tubular member by suitablerivets or other equivalent fastenings. The inclined branch 0 is fastenedin a similar way to the edge portion of the conical cap, and thevertical length a of the stay is riveted to the surrounding casing atpoints between the oppositely-inclined flanges 10 12. The stays are thusfirmly supported on the tubular member in a manner to sustain theconical cap and the surrounding casing in rigid relation to the tubularstem and to each other, and these stays serve to brace and strengthenthe Various parts of the structure.

In the embodiment of the invention shown by Fig. 5 the parts comprisingthe ventilator or ventilating-cowl are the same as in the devices shownby Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, except that the upper part of the cap 6 iscut off and provided with a flanged opening, the said flange beingindicated at 16. This flanged opening of the cap forms a seat adapted toreceive a light 17, of glass or other transparent material, the samelying directly over the tubular stem and below the opening formed by theinwardly-inclined flange 12 of the easing, thus admitting light to thetubular stem.

I prefer to construct and arrange the cap 6 in a manner for its loweredge portion to lie in the vertical plane of the inner edges of theflanges 10 and 12 and the outer edge of the surrounding deflector on thetubular stem, thus making the edge portions of all the inclined partslie in corresponding positions.

When the ventilator or ventilating-cowl is in service, the air is freeto circulate through the passage 9 and the passages or openings formedby the flanges 10 12; but the wind cannot blow crosswise of the open endof the tubular stem. An updraft of air through the tubular stem is freeto pass through the passage 7 between the stem and the cap and throughthe passage 9, provided within the casing, the air making its exitthrough one or the other of the flanges 1O 12, according to thedirection in which the wind is blowing. If the wind blows in an upwarddirection against the flange 10, the air is free to pass through theopening 11 and the passage 9 and IIO make its exit through theopening'13; but this upward current of air through the surroundingcasing is deflected by the member toward the casing 8, thus preventingthe air from crossing the tubular stem and causing it to create asuction or draft through the passages '7 9 and the stem, therebyincreasing the efficiency of the Ventilator. If the wind blows in adownward direction against the upper flange 12, it passes through thepassages 13, 9, and 11 but the cap 6 and the "member 14 of the deflectorchange the course of the downwardly-flowing current of air toward thecasing, thus making this downdraft create a suction through the passage7 and the tubular stem 5, so as to also increase the efficiency of theventilator. If the wind blows horizontally against the casing, it cannotenter the ventilator, because it will be deflected by the casing S, thestem 5, or the flanges 1O 12 on said casing.

Having. thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. A ventilating-cowl comprising a tubular stem, adoubly-inclined deflector supported externally on the stem, adjacent tothe open end thereof, and having reversely-inclined members meeting inan apex and joined to the stem, a cylindrical casing of larger diameterthan the stem and the deflector and arranged to inclose the latter andto extend above the stem, a cap over said stem and disposed for itslower edge to lie in the vertical plane of the apex of said deflector,an upwardly-inclined flange at the upper edge of the casing and disposedparallel to the cap, and a downwardlyinclined flange at the lower edgeof the easing and disposed parallel to the lower member of saiddeflector; the inner edges of the flanges lying in the vertical plane ofthe edge of the cap and the apex of the deflector.

2. A ventilating-cowl comprising a tubular stem, a series of stays eachprovided with a horizontal arm and a vertical arm and terminating in aninwardly-inclined leg which is fastened to the stem, a doubly-inclineddeflector united to the stem above the legs of the stays, a cap attachedto the stays, a cylindrical casing fastened to the vertical arms of thestays and inclosing said deflector, and reversely-inclined flanges atthe upper and lower ends of the casing, the upper flange lying parallelto the cap and the lower flange extending below and parallel to a lowerinclined member of said deflector.

3. A ventilating-cowl comprising a stem, a doublyinclined deflectorsurrounding the stem near the upper endthereof, a series of staysfastened to the stem, a cap fastened to the stays and provided with alight or transparent pane which lies over the stem, and a casingattached to the stays and having the inwardly-inclined flanges at theupper and lower ends thereof.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGE G. BRITTON.

\Vitnesses:

JNo. H. FRYE, JOHN R. SwEETs.

